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George W. Johnson (governor)
George Washington Johnson (May 27, 1811April 8, 1862) was the first Confederate governor of Kentucky. A lawyer-turned-farmer from Scott County, Kentucky, Johnson favored secession as a means of preventing the Civil War, believing the Union and Confederacy would be forces of equal strength, each too wary to attack the other. As political sentiment in the Commonwealth took a decidedly Union turn following the elections of 1861, Johnson was instrumental in organizing a sovereignty convention in Russellville, Kentucky with the intent of "severing forever our connection with the Federal Government." The convention created a Confederate shadow government for the Commonwealth, and Johnson was elected its governor.
Despite his meager political experience—having previously served only three years in the Kentucky House of Representatives—Johnson labored vehemently to ensure the success of the shadow government. Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy on December 10, 1861, but the shadow government's influence in the Commonwealth extended only as far as the Confederate Army advanced. When Albert Sidney Johnston abandoned the Confederate capital of Bowling Green, Governor Johnson and the other government officials accompanied him. Despite his advanced age and a crippled arm, Johnson volunteered for military service in General Johnston's army. Johnson was killed at the Battle of Shiloh, making him the only state governor, Union or Confederate, to fall in battle during the Civil War. He was succeeded by Richard Hawes, the second and last governor of Confederate Kentucky.
==Early life and career==
George Washington Johnson was born on May 27, 1811 near Georgetown in Scott County, Kentucky, the son of major William and Betsy Payne Johnson.〔"The Government of Confederate Kentucky" in Brown, p. 82〕〔"Johnson, George W." in Kleber, p. 473〕〔Harrison in ''Kentucky Governors'', pp. 82–84〕 Major Johnson died soon after the close of the War of 1812, in which he was a participant, and George Johnson was reared in the home of his stepfather, John Allen.〔Harrison in ''Register'', p. 3〕 Johnson received three degrees from Transylvania University: an A.B. in 1829, an LL.B. in 1832, and an M.A. in 1833.〔 On August 20, 1833, he married Ann Eliza Viley, daughter of Captain Willa and Lydia Smith Viley.〔"George W. Johnson" in Powell, p. 114〕 The couple had ten children, seven of whom lived to adulthood.〔
Johnson briefly practiced law in Georgetown, but decided he preferred farming.〔 He owned a farm near Georgetown, as well as a plantation in Arkansas.〔 In 1838, Johnson was elected as a Democrat to the Kentucky House of Representatives.〔〔 He was offered the nominations for lieutenant governor and U.S. Congressman, but declined them both.〔 In August 1845, Johnson headed the Committee of Sixty that seized abolitionist Cassius M. Clay's printing press and shipped it to Cincinnati, Ohio.〔"George W. Johnson, Governor of Confederate Kentucky", Lowell Harrison, in ''Kentucky's Civil War 1861–1865'', pp. 63–65〕
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